American ophthalmologist, born on September 1, 1858, Malone, New York; died on June 10, 1926. Alexander Duane is one of the earliest researchers in the field of ophthalmology and is particularly interested in conditioning and strabismus. He is best known for the translation of the book by Ernst Fuchs, the authority of Vienna. In 1903, the book appeared in English under the name "Fox Eye Science Textbook" and has eight versions. Duane syndrome: The adduction of the adduction and contraction of the medial and lateral rectus muscles at the same time helps to identify the condition. Duane's retraction syndrome is often mistaken for the sixth nerve paralysis in infancy because of the lack of abduction of the eye involved. In fact, Duane syndrome is common in children as a cause of limited abduction, so it is important to keep this in mind.

German ophthalmologist, born on December 11, 1871, died on April 5, 1940 in New York. Alfred Bielschowsky was born in a Jewish family in Namslau, Lower Silesia. He graduated in 1889 and subsequently entered medical research at the University of Breslau. He quickly moved to Heidelberg, where he graduated in 1891. In the first semester of clinical education, he was influenced by the lecture by Theodor Leber (1840-1917). His main areas of work are the physiology and pathology of Raumsinn and the movement of the eye. He is a collaborator of Graefe-Saemisch at Handbuch der gesamten Augenheilkunde. Bielschowsky's head tilt test: an upper oblique muscle paralysis test caused by a fourth cranial nerve injury.

Swiss ophthalmologist, born on October 31, 1879, in Menziken;He died in 1943.Alfred vogt studied at the university of Basel and received his doctorate in 1904.Vogt has developed techniques for retinal endoscopic examination and surgical treatment of retinal detachment.In 1913, he began examining the structure of the front of the eye using a new slit lamp and corneal microscope.Vogt is a leader in ophthalmology and has received the prestigious Donders and Gullstrand MEDALS for his work.Limbal girdle of Vogt: limbal corneal opacity bundle, an arc concentric, at 3 PM and 9 PM and corneal limbus adjacent inside palpebral fissure;Nasal infections are more common than temporary infections, but usually both.Vogt-koyanagi-harada syndrome (VKH) : systemic inflammation involving the eyes and other organs common to some RACES